{"id":8589,"date":"2018-01-29T11:25:17","date_gmt":"2018-01-29T16:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/?p=8589"},"modified":"2025-07-02T13:49:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T18:49:08","slug":"honoring-professor-ednah-shepard-thomas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/honoring-professor-ednah-shepard-thomas\/","title":{"rendered":"Honoring Professor Ednah Shepard Thomas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><h4><strong>By David Stock\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8598\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8598\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8598\" src=\"http:\/\/writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/stock_faculty-photo-courtesy-of-BYU-Photo-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"The author, David, dressed professionally.\" width=\"300\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/stock_faculty-photo-courtesy-of-BYU-Photo-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/stock_faculty-photo-courtesy-of-BYU-Photo-768x1075.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/stock_faculty-photo-courtesy-of-BYU-Photo-731x1024.jpg 731w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/stock_faculty-photo-courtesy-of-BYU-Photo.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8598\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Stock, a proud and grateful graduate from UW-Madison\u2019s Composition &amp; Rhetoric program, coordinates the writing center at Brigham Young University (Provo, UT), where he is Assistant Professor of English.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>If you\u2019re an avid reader of <em>Another Word<\/em>, you may recall <a href=\"https:\/\/writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/our-writing-centers-founder-professor-joyce-steward\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blog post<\/a> by Brad Hughes\u2014the Director of the Writing Center and the Director of Writing Across the Curriculum at the University of Wisconsin-Madison\u2014 honoring Professor Joyce Steward, founding director of the UW-Madison Writing Center in 1969 (then called the Writing Laboratory). In this post, I\u2019d like to continue that tradition by honoring one of Joyce Steward\u2019s mentors and colleagues in the UW-Madison English department: Professor Ednah Shepard Thomas, a pioneering writing program administrator who helped develop and direct UW-Madison\u2019s Freshman English program from 1947-1970 and who contributed to the development of the Writing Laboratory.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8597\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8597\" style=\"width: 199px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8597 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-seated-in-backyard-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photograph of a woman sitting in a yard.\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-seated-in-backyard-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-seated-in-backyard-768x1160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-seated-in-backyard-678x1024.jpg 678w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8597\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mrs. Thomas in the yard of her home, 1940s. Photo courtesy of William Thomas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I first learned about \u201cMrs. Thomas,\u201d as Steward and most everyone called her, when I was a PhD candidate in UW-Madison\u2019s Composition &amp; Rhetoric program. In 2010, Brad invited interested students to contact him about collaborating on the publication of a memoir by a former UW-Madison faculty member. At this point, I had conducted initial dissertation research on the history of rhetorical education at UW-Madison. After meeting with Brad to discuss the project, I was excited to learn more about that history from a primary, and previously unavailable, document.<\/p>\n<p>And what a primary document it was: over 400 typed (i.e., on a typewriter) manuscript pages, a tome of personal and professional history that described Thomas\u2019s early life and schooling in the New England area; her coursework and teaching in UW-Madison\u2019s English PhD program; her marriage and child-rearing in nearby Monona, WI, followed by an unexpected divorce and the challenge of raising three young children alone; her fortuitous return to teaching at UW-Madison, successfully administering Freshman English, and eventually earning\u2014at age 65!\u2014the title of Full Professor.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>A Collaborative Project<\/h2>\n<p>When I joined the project, Brad had already been collaborating with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.writing.ucsb.edu\/people\/sue-mcleod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Professor Susan McLeod<\/a>, a distinguished WAC scholar who met Mrs. Thomas while pursuing her PhD in UW-Madison\u2019s English program, and Professor Mike Palmquist to publish the memoir as an open-access book through <a href=\"https:\/\/wac.colostate.edu\/books\/thomas-steward\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the WAC Clearinghouse<\/a>. Over time, the scope of the project broadened to include the publication of additional relevant materials:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a co-authored essay by Susan and Brad about both Mrs. Thomas\u2019s and Joyce Steward\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/wac.colostate.edu\/books\/thomas-steward\/pioneers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pioneering contributions to writing program administration<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mrs. Thomas\u2019s influential booklet, <a href=\"https:\/\/wac.colostate.edu\/books\/thomas-steward\/themes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Evaluating Student Themes<\/em><\/a>, which provides guidelines for responding to student writing along with actual student writing<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wac.colostate.edu\/books\/thomas-steward\/interview.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an oral history interview with Joyce Steward<\/a>, conducted by Brad just two years before Steward&#8217;s death, in which she describes the development and administration of the UW-Madison Writing Lab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These materials and Mrs. Thomas\u2019s memoir, which includes a foreword by Susan McLeod and an afterword by Professor David Fleming, author of the award-winning book <a href=\"https:\/\/www.upress.pitt.edu\/BookDetails.aspx?bookId=36208\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>From Form to Meaning: Freshman Composition and the Long Sixties, 1957-1974<\/em><\/a>, have been published in the WAC Clearinghouse\u2019s Perspectives on Writing series under the title \u201cTwo WPA Pioneers: Ednah Shepard Thomas and Joyce Steward.\u201d We hope that publishing these materials will provide greater understanding of the work of writing program administration in the field\u2019s pre-professional era (i.e., prior to the formation of the Council of Writing Program Administrators in 1979) and greater appreciation for those who pioneered in such work. Further, we see Mrs. Thomas\u2019s memoir functioning as a local history of writing program administration in the mid-twentieth century which includes a vital counternarrative to Fleming\u2019s account of the abolition of UW-Madison\u2019s Freshman English program in 1969-1970.<\/p>\n<p>I want to highlight some of Mrs. Thomas\u2019s accomplishments that demonstrate her unique preparation for and pioneering contributions to teaching and administering college writing in the mid-twentieth century.<\/p>\n<h2>Early Interest in Studying Writing<\/h2>\n<p>Mrs. Thomas graduated from Mt. Holyoke College in 1923 with a major in English composition (minor in English literature), which was intentional\u2014she took all the composition courses she could. A primary reason she attended graduate school at Bryn Mawr was because the course catalog included a graduate course in creative writing. Unfortunately, the course was canceled due to low enrollment.<\/p>\n<h2>Atypical Interest in and Aptitude for Teaching Writing<\/h2>\n<p>When Mrs. Thomas enrolled in UW-Madison\u2019s PhD program in English in 1925, her interest and talent in teaching English composition were recognized and rewarded with opportunities to teach additional sections in place of graduate work, which she gladly accepted. Although she excelled scholastically at Bryn Mawr and was the first student in the school\u2019s history to earn the MA degree in one year, she had become somewhat disenchanted with the solitary pursuit of scholarship, whereas she genuinely enjoyed teaching writing.<\/p>\n<h2>Pioneering Contributions to Writing Program Administration<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8596\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8596\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8596 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-in-garden-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a woman in a garden.\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-in-garden-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-in-garden-768x1154.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-in-garden-682x1024.jpg 682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8596\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mrs. Thomas working in her victory garden, 1940s. Photo courtesy of William Thomas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Prior to Mrs. Thomas\u2019s invitation to assist with the administration of Freshman English in 1947, the job had required little more than scheduling teaching assistants. However, Mrs. Thomas assumed responsibilities that are commonly associated with WPA work: training and supervising teaching assistants, developing curriculum, coordinating student placement, planning and implementing assessment, as well as advising students. She also institutionalized the practice of assigning grades not to individual papers but on work accomplished at designated moments in the semester, which resembled an early version of portfolio grading. And she instituted a teaching assistant training program where experienced teaching assistants were assigned to mentor novice teaching assistants. As enrollments increased dramatically in the years following World War II, Mrs. Thomas fulfilled these and other responsibilities successfully, leading to a highly effective and surprisingly stable program for nearly 20 years.<\/p>\n<h2>Pioneering Contributions to Writing Instruction<\/h2>\n<p>As an articulation of her approach to training teaching assistants, Mrs. Thomas published a pamphlet on responding to and evaluating student writing. First published in 1955, <em>Evaluating Student Themes<\/em> went through four printings and became an all-time bestseller at the University of Wisconsin Press, in part because of its popularity among high school English teachers. In the booklet, Mrs. Thomas asserts that a teacher\u2019s purpose is to show interest in and respect for students\u2019 ideas, to balance encouragement with criticism, and to promote students\u2019 life-long writing skills. (Sounds similar to writing center pedagogy, doesn\u2019t it?) The booklet also models marginal and terminal (end) comments on actual student themes of varying quality. One of Mrs. Thomas\u2019s purposes in her training was to help teaching assistants see what students were actually saying, rather than correcting or rewriting students\u2019 papers based on what the teaching assistants wanted to see in students\u2019 writing. The principles and practices in the booklet, when paired with regular instructor conferences, reflected an emphasis on the role of feedback and revision, rather than correction, in promoting the development of students\u2019 writing ability.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8600\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8600\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8600 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-her-children_1946-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photograph of a woman with her three children\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-her-children_1946-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-her-children_1946.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8600\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mrs. Thomas and her children. Courtesy of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Archives (ID S17534).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8599\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8599\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8599 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-teaching-outside_1948-300x239.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photograph of a woman teaching outside to a group of students\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-teaching-outside_1948-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-teaching-outside_1948.jpg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8599\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ednah Shepard Thomas teaching outside, probably near Muir Woods. Courtesy of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Archives (ID S17533).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Influence and Involvement in the Writing Laboratory<\/h2>\n<p>In her oral history interview, Professor Joyce Steward recalled that Mrs. Thomas was involved in discussions with Freshman English faculty directors Edgar Lacy and William Lenehan about replacing Freshman English with a voluntary writing tutorial program. When Professor Steward was tasked with creating a writing lab, Mrs. Thomas accompanied her on visits to nearby writing centers, including the University of Iowa. Steward also acknowledged that Mrs. Thomas\u2019s approach to writing instruction strongly influenced her (Steward\u2019s) approach to training those who worked in the Writing Laboratory. And after her retirement, Mrs. Thomas volunteered in the Writing Lab on Tuesday mornings for several years, working with students on an individual basis as she had done with her students for so many years. While not the founder of the Writing Laboratory, Mrs. Thomas clearly influenced its development and its pedagogy.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8595\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8595\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8595 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-Daniel-Travanti-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"An elderly woman and a younger man speaking together\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-Daniel-Travanti-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-Daniel-Travanti-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-and-Daniel-Travanti-1024x678.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8595\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mrs. Thomas speaking with former Freshman English student and television actor Daniel J. Travanti, who honored Mrs. Thomas at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Education\u2019s 10th Annual Gala Tribute to Teaching. May 1995. Photo courtesy of William Thomas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Publishing Mrs. Thomas\u2019s memoir is an effort to memorialize the life and accomplishments of a remarkable individual whose professional contributions, when viewed alongside her personal life, are all the more admirable: overcoming a crippling divorce and raising three young children alone in the early 1940s is highly admirable; but returning to academia and flourishing as a writing instructor and writing program administrator while continuing to fulfill domestic obligations is truly remarkable. It is no wonder that, reflecting on her life, Mrs. Thomas claimed to have had \u201cthe best of both worlds. I am a full professor (emeritus) of the University of Wisconsin, and the only woman professor to have three children and seven grandchildren.\u201d I\u2019m certain that both titles\u2014professor and mother\u2014were deeply meaningful to her and that she would want to be remembered as both.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8594\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8594\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8594 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-amid-daisies-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"An elderly woman surrounded by daisies \" width=\"900\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-amid-daisies-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-amid-daisies-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dept.writing.wisc.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/EST-amid-daisies-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8594\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mrs. Thomas seated in a daisy patch in her front yard. June 1995. Photo courtesy of William Thomas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>I hope you\u2019ll check out Mrs. Thomas\u2019s (and Joyce Steward&#8217;s) materials on the WAC Clearinghouse and leave a comment here about what you learned. Or post an observation or a question about Mrs. Thomas that came up as you read this blog post. I&#8217;d love to hear your impressions. Thanks for reading!<\/p>\n<p>Featured photo at the top of this blog post: Ednah Shepard Thomas teaching outside, probably near Muir Woods. Courtesy of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Archives (ID S17533).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By David Stock\u00a0 If you\u2019re an avid reader of Another Word, you may recall a blog post by Brad Hughes\u2014the Director of the Writing Center and the Director of Writing Across the Curriculum at the University of Wisconsin-Madison\u2014 honoring Professor Joyce Steward, founding director of the UW-Madison Writing Center in 1969 (then called the Writing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,36,59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uw-madison-history","category-uw-madison-writing-center-alumni-voices","category-writing-center-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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